A new study published by Donata Dubber of the Water Technology Research Group.
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is widely used for wastewater monitoring, design, modelling and plant operational analysis. However this method results in the production of hazardous wastes including mercury and hexavalent chromium. The study examined the replacement of COD with total organic carbon (TOC) for general performance monitoring by comparing their relationship with influent and effluent samples from 11 wastewater treatment plants. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) was also included in the comparison as a control. The results show significant linear relationships between TOC, COD and BOD5 in settled (influent) domestic and municipal wastewaters, but only between COD and TOC in treated effluents. The study concludes that TOC can be reliably used for the generic replacement of both COD (COD = 49.2 + 3.00*TOC) and BOD5 (BOD5 = 23.7 + 1.68*TOC) in influent wastewaters but only for COD (COD = 7.25 + 2.99*TOC) in final effluents.
Dubber, D. and Gray, N.F. (2010) Replacement of chemical oxygen demand (COD) with total organic carbon (TOC) for monitoring wastewater treatment performance to minimize disposal of toxic analytical waste. J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A, 45, (12), 1595-1600.
Total organic carban analyser(TOC)
ReplyDelete"Deeksha is a leader in the Analytical and Bio-technological market. The companies we represent are global technology leaders in analysis tools and instrumentation. we manufacturing Pharmaceutical/Chemistry related Instruments like Glove box Supplier."
for more details
please contact
http://www.deekshainstruments.com/
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
ReplyDeleteA total organic carbon analyzer (also referred to as TOC analyzers) measures the amount of total organic carbon present in a liquid or water sample. TOC detection is important because of the effects that TOCs may have on health, not to mention the environmental effects and implications for the pharmaceutical manufacturing processes.
ReplyDeleteFor more details visit us:
http://www.deekshainstruments.com/
Gloveboxes are used to prevent contact between potentially hazardous materials with the outside environment or operating personnel. Some of these materials or processes may be sensitive to ambient environment and hence need to be worked with under isolated conditions.
ReplyDeleteFor more details visit our site:
http://www.deekshainstruments.com/biotechnology.html